I. INTRODUCTIONPeanut commodity production per hectare has not achieved maximum results. It is not independent of the influence of soil factors are increasingly hard (broken) and poor nutrients, especially micro-nutrients and growth hormones. Besides, it is also because of pests and diseases, climatic factors, as well as other maintenance factors.PT. NASA tried to play a role increasing the quantity and quality of production while maintaining environmental sustainability (Aspects K - 3).
II. GROWTH CONDITIONS2.1. Climatea. Rainfall of 800-1300 mm / year. The rain is too hard will result in difficult terserbuki flowers by insects and will increase the humidity around the peanut crop.b. The temperature was around 28-320C. When the temperature is below 100C, the growth of the plants will be stunted, even dwarf.c. Humidity ranges from 65-75%.d.Penyinaran full sun is required, particularly fertility and development of the size of pea leaves.
2.2. Planting Mediaa. The appropriate type of soil is loose soil / texture is light and fertile.b. pH between 6.0 to 6.5.c. Lack of water will cause plants to thin, stunted, wilt and eventually die.d. Good drainage and aeration, the land is too muddy and dry is good for growing peanuts.
2.3. Place an altitudeOptimum planting height of 50-500 m above sea level, but still able to grow below the altitude of 1,500 m above sea level.
III. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION3.1. Nurseries3.1.1. Seed requirementsThe terms of seeds / groundnut seeds of good are:a. Derived from new plant varieties.b. Grow the high power (more than 90%) and healthy.c. Seed shiny skin, no wrinkles and defects.d. Pure or mixed with other varieties.e. The water content of seeds ranges from 9-12%.
3.1.2. Preparation of SeedSeeds should be stored at a constant dry place and tightly closed. To ensure the quality of seeds, better buy from the Institute for Seed or seed-growers who have been appointed by the Central Seed Certification.
3.2. Media Processing Plant3.2.1. Preparation and ClearingClearing with plowing and hoeing to clear land of all kinds of weeds (plant pests) and the roots before planting, as well as to facilitate the growing plant roots and remove the host plants for pests and diseases.
3.2.2. Formation of BedsCreate a raised bed width 80 cm, length adjustment, 20-30 cm thick beds. Among the beds made ditch.
3.2.3. CalcificationTo raise the pH of the soil, especially on lands that are highly acidic do calcification with doses + 1 - 2.5 tonnes / ha at least 1 month before planting.
3.2.4. Giving Natural GLIOTo prevent fungal attacks give Natural GLIO. Natural breeding GLIO by: Natural GLIO 1-2 sachet mixed with 50-100 kg of manure to land 1000 m2. Subsequently allowed to stand in a place protected from the sun + 1 week to always keep the humidity and occasional stirring (reversed). Giving Natural GLIO in the afternoon.
3.2.5. The provision of fertilizers and SUPER Macro NASAThe type and dose of fertilizer per hectare is:a. Manure 2-4 tonnes / ha, provided on the surface of the bed about a week before planting, mix in ground beds or given to the planting hole.b. Inorganic fertilizers: SP-36 (100 kg / ha), ZA (100 kg / ha) and KCl (50 kg / ha) or the appropriate local recommendations.c. NASA POC fertilizer pour the blended water evenly over the beds with a dose ± 1-2 bottles (500-1000 cc) diluted with enough water for every 1000 m2 (10-20 bottles / ha). The results would be great if using SUPER NASA.
As for how to use SUPER NASA follows:alternative 1: 1 bottle of SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of the mother liquor was to flush the beds.alternative 2: every one yells vol 10 lt given 1 tablespoon pressed to flush the Nasa Super + 10 meter bed.
All doses given macro fertilizer when planting. Fertilizers are given in the right and left deep drill holes 3 cm.
3.3. Planting Technique3.3.1. Determination of Planting PatternCropping seasons attention and rainfall. In the fertile soil, seed peanuts planted in an array with a spacing of 40 x 15 cm, 30 x 20 cm, or 20 x 20 cm.
3.3.2. Preparation of Planting HolesPlanting holes are made using the drill as deep as 3 cm at a distance as defined above.
3.3.3. Seed soaking with NASA POCChoose a good seed and the seeds can germinate rapidly and synchronously, seeds soaked in a solution of POC NASA (1-2 cc / liter of water) + 0.5 for 1 hour.
3.3.4. Planting MethodPut seeds 1 or 2 eggs into the planting hole with a thin soil. The best planting time dilahan dry at the beginning of the rainy season, in paddy fields can be conducted in April-June (crops I) or the month of July to September (crops II).
3.4. Maintenance of Plant3.4.1. StitchingEmbroidery seeds do not grow or die, for stitching the sooner the better (after the others seem to grow ± 3-7 days after planting).
3.4.2. Weeding and PembumbunanWeeding is done 2 times the age of 1 and 6 weeks with caution so as not to damage the flowers and pods.Pembumbunan done simultaneously while weeding, aims to cover the roots.
3.4.3. NASA and the provision of POC HORMONIKNASA POC spraying is done in 2 weeks since the age of 1-2 weeks (4-5 POC NASA cap / tank). NASA needs to maintain total POC 1-2 bottles per 1000 m2 (10-20 bottles / ha). It would be nice if the use of POC NASA added HORMONIK (3-4 caps NASA POC HORMONIK + 1 cap / tank). At the time of flowering plants did not do the spraying, because it can interfere with pollination.
3.4.5. Irrigation and WateringWatering is done so that the soil remains moist. To keep moisture in the dry season can be given mulch (straw, etc.). When flowering is not watering, because it can interfere with pollination.
3.4.6. Other maintenanceOther things that really support the maintenance factor can be done, such as pruning, propagation, maintenance and flower buds as well as environmental sanitation area (maintained to support plant health).
3.5. Pests and Diseases3.5.1. Pesta. UretSymptoms: eat the roots, stems and pods of the bottom. Finally, the plants wither and die. Control: with good tillage, use of manure that is mature, grow in unison, intensive weeding, use of PESTONA by splashed onto the ground, if the plant already dead uret be withdrawn and destroyed.b. Leaf roller caterpillarSymptoms: Yellowing leaves folded, eventually dry up. Control: spraying using PESTONA.c. Grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura)Symptoms: The caterpillars eat the leaf epidermis and the bone in groups. Control: (1) clean of weeds, plant simultaneously, crop rotation, (2) spraying using Natural Vitura.d. Caterpillar inch (Plusia sp)Symptoms: attacking the leaves of peanuts. Control: spraying using PESTONA.e. Leaf BeetleSymptoms: The leaves appear perforated, leaves and bones, also eat flower buds. Control: (1) planting simultaneously, (2) spraying using PESTONA.
3.5.2. Diseasea. Wilt disease or "Omo Wedang"Cause: The bacterium Xanthomonas solanacearum (EFS). Symptoms: The leaves droop like a hot water flush, eventually die. If the cut looks brown stains on the wood vessels and when massaged out a yellowish mucus. Plant root rot. Control: crop rotation, use of resistant varieties. Important to use the Natural GLIO prevention.b. Devil broom diseaseCause: Mycoplasma (a type of virus). Allegedly passed similar insects Aphis. Symptoms: dark green flowers such as small leaves, stem sections and branches become shorter, the leaves of small trees. Control: plants removed, discarded and destroyed, all the host plants to clean (environmental sanitation), planting resistant plants, using the vector address or Natural PESTONA BVR.c. Leaf spotting diseasesCause: The fungus Cercospora personata and Cercospora arachidicola. Symptoms arise sized patches of 1-5 mm, brown and black on the leaves and stems. Control: Natural GLIO with early planting as a preventative measure.d. Gapong diseaseCause: Nematodes suspected. Symptoms: empty pods, can also be bad. Control: the land and sought nematodanya didangir.e. Sclerotium diseasesCause: The fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. Symptoms: wilting plants. Control: use of resistant varieties, do not let stagnant water, burn the affected plants fungi. Prevention: Use Natural GLIO in the early plantingf. Rust DiseaseCause: The fungus Puccinia arachidis Speg. Symptoms: the leaf spots are brown to brown (rust color). The leaves fall prematurely. Control: use of resistant varieties, plant revoked attacked and burned. Prevention: Use Natural GLIO in early planting.
Note: If a pest control using natural pesticides have not been able to cope with a chemical pesticide used is recommended. In order to more evenly spraying of chemical pesticides and are not easily lost by rain water add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (1/2 cap) / tank.
3.6. HarvestPeanut crop harvest age depends on the kind that is the short lifespan of 3-4 months and the age ± length ± 5-6 months. The characteristics of peanuts is harvested, among others:a) stem starts to harden.b) Leaf yellowing and some began to fall, pods already containing a full and loud.c) Color blackish brown pods.
