I. INTRODUCTION
The level and quality of watermelon production in Indonesia is still low. This is due partly because of hard ground, poor nutrients and hormones, which are not balanced fertilization, pests and plant diseases, the influence of weather / climate, and farmers' technical culture.PT. Natural Net seeks to help farmers in increasing the quantity and quality of production while maintaining environmental sustainability (Aspects of K-3).II. GROWTH CONDITIONS2.1. ClimateIdeal rainfall 40-50 mm / month. The entire planting area to the sun from sunrise to sunset. Optimal temperature of 250 ± C. Suitable watermelon grown in the plains to an altitude of 600 m above sea level.
2.2. Planting MediaEnough loose soil conditions, rich in organic matter, rather than acidic soil and garden soil / rice fields have been drained. Fits on a sandy loam soil type. Soil acidity (pH) 6 to 6.7.III. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION3.1. Nurseries3.1.1. Preparation of Media Semai- Prepare a Natural GLIO: 1-2 packs GLIO Natural mixed with 25-50 kg of manure to land 1000 m2. Let stand + 1 week in the shade by always keeping the humidity and occasional stirring (reversed).- Mix the finely ground (already sifted) 2 parts or 2 buckets (volume 10 lt), mature manure that has been finely sifted as much a part or a bucket, TSP (± 50 g) dissolved in 2 closed POC NASA, and the Natural GLIO that have been bred in the animal manure (1-3 kg). Insert the media into a polybag seedlings were small 8x10 cm to fill up to 90%.
3.1.2. Seed Germination techniquesSeeds inserted into the fabric and then tied, then soaked in a mixture: 1 liter of warm water temperature 20-250C NASA POC + 1 tablespoon (soaked 8-12 hours). Seed in the bond is taken, wrapped in newspaper and then brooded 1-2 days. If anyone is taken to germinate if sown dry and add water and wrapped in cloth and then put the paper again.
3.1.3. Seeds and seedlings Seeds Maintenance- Media seedlings were drenched with water clean enough. Seeds of selected candidates for all the roots are 2-3 mm, direct sowing in polybags 1 to 1.5 cm deep.- Nursery bags lined up in order to put the full sunlight. Given the protection of transparent plastic, one end / edge open.- Spray the POC NASA to spur the development of seeds, done routinely every 3-4 days. Watering 1-2 times a day. At the age of 12-14 days seedlings ready for planting.
3.2. Media Processing Plant3.2.1. Opening of the LandPiracy + 30 cm deep, crushed and flattened. Clear the land of the remains of roots and rocks.
3.2.2. Formation of Beds6-8 m wide beds, bed height 20 cm minimum.
3.2.3. CalcificationThe use of lime per 1000 m2 on the soil pH of 4-5 is required 150-200 kg dolomite, pH 5-6 is required 75-150 kg dolomite and pH> 6 dolomite required as many as 50 kg.
3.2.4. Basic fertilizationa. Manure 600 kg / ha, applied to the surface bed about a week before planting.b. Inorganic fertilizer in the form of TSP (200 kg / ha), ZA (140 kg / ha) and KCl (130 kg / ha).c. NASA POC pour enough water mixed beds with doses above 1-2 botol/1000 + m2. The results will be great if the POC NASA NASA replaced SUPER, a dose of 1-2 m2 botol/1000 by:Alternative 1: 1 bottle of SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of the mother liquor was to flush the beds.Alternative 2: every one yells volume of 10 l were given 1 tablespoon SUPER pressed NASA to flush the meter + 10 beds.
3.2.5. OtherBeds need to be weeded, watered and given a plastic mulch with a width of 110-150 cm in order to prevent water evaporation and weed growth. In the thick dry mulch of straw covered with 2-3 cm for propagation and laying watermelon fruit.
3.3. Planting Technique3.3.1. Hole Making PlantConducted one week before planting to a depth of 8-10 cm. Within 20-30 cm from the edge of the bed with the distance between the hole about 90-100 cm.
3.3.2. Planting timePlanting should be early morning or late afternoon and watered until the seed fairly wet.
3.4. Maintenance of Plant3.4.1. StitchingShould be performed 3-5 days after planting.
3.4.2. WeedingWatermelon plant just enough to have two pieces, with settings that tend to many primary branches. Maintained without cutting the branches 2-3 secondary branches. Keep weeding on a useless branch, secondary branch ends trimmed and left two leaves. Secondary branches that grow on an existing segment by interrupting the growth of cut pieces of fruit.
3.4.3. PerempelanDo perempelan young shoots that are not useful because it affects the growth of trees / fruit growing watermelon.
3.4.4. Irrigation and WateringIrrigation through channels between the beds or digembor with 4-6 days interval. Volume irrigation should not be exaggerated.
3.4.5. Fertilization
3.4.6. Spraying time HORMONIKSpray a similar HORMONIK ZPT / natural hormones. HORMONIK dose: 1-2 cc / l of water or 1-2 + 3-4 caps close HORMONIK NASA POC each spray tank. Spraying at the age of 21-70 days, 7 days interval.
3.4.7. Other maintenanceChoose fruit that is large enough, lies between 1.0 to 1.5 m from plant roots, good shape and not disabled. Each plant is required of candidates 1-2 pieces of fruit, the rest in the barbershop. Since candidates ± 2 kg of fruit is often reversed in order to avoid colors that are less well due to the inequality in the sun.
3.5. Pests and Diseases3.5.1 Pestsa. ThripsSmall slender, pale yellow-black, has a body with jointed antennae. Mode of transmission is to wander at night, settle and breed. Control: Natural spray or PESTONA BVR.
b. Caterpillars Destroyer LeavesGreen with black stripe / green striped yellow, symptoms: leaves eaten down to the wax layer and visible from a distance like a hole. Control: Natural Vitura or spraying is done PESTONA.
c. MiteTiny red yellowish / greenish small sucking plant fluids. The sign, visible nets nests of these animals under the surface of the leaves, the leaves will pale in color. Control: Natural spray or PESTONA BVR.
d. Caterpillars LandBerbintik-bintik/bergaris-garis black, body length of 2-5 cm, actively damaging and moving at night. Attacks the leaves, especially the young shoots, mature caterpillar prey base of the plant. Control: (1) simultaneously planting in an area adjacent to break the life cycle of pests and moths around the nest eradication, (2) control by spraying Natural Vitura / Virexi or PESTONA.
e. Fruit FliesThe characteristics that have transparent wings with yellow spots, and have trunks. Signs of attack: there are scars on the skin of fruit (such as puncture trunk), slightly sour fruit flavored and looks bruised. Control: cleaning up the environment, soil pests former reversed by hijacked / hoe, fruit fly trapping and spray PESTONA.
3.5.2. Diseasea. Fusarium wiltCause: The environment / situation that allows the fungus to grow (the weather is too humid). Symptoms: decay occur in plants that had been dense and lush. Control: (1) with a rotation period of planting and maintaining the environmental conditions, growing in new areas that have not been planted, (2) the provision of Natural GLIO before or at planting time.
b. Leaf spottingCause: The spores are wind-borne germs from other plants are attacked. Symptoms: The leaf surface contained patches of yellow to brown and then eventually dry up and die, or there is a fine colored tassels abu-abu/ungu. Control: as in the Fusarium wilt disease.
c. AnthracnoseCause: such as Fusarium wilt disease. Symptoms: visible leaf spots that eventually turn brown and reddish color of the leaves eventually die. When attacking fruit, pink dots appear that over time more and more widespread. Control: such as Fusarium wilt disease control.
d. Semai foulAttack on the seed was planted. Symptoms: brown seed stems, vines and fall down and die. Control: Natural gift GLIO before seeding in nursery media.
e. Fruit RotCauses: fungal / bacterial pathogens that infect the fruit before cooking and active after the fruit began to be picked. Control: avoid skin damage and prevent the occurrence of fruit, either during transport or storage, picking fruit during the day do not cloudy / rainy.
f. Leaf rustCause: The virus is carried by pest plants that grow on plant leaves. Symptoms: The leaf blister, pinto, tend to change shape, stunted plants and longitudinal cracks occur on the trunk. Control: same as Fusarium wilt disease.Note: If a pest control using natural pesticides have not been able to overcome the chemical pesticides used. Spraying of chemical pesticides in order to be equitable and not easily lost by rain water add Straighten Adhesives + AERO 810 at a dose of 5 ml (1/2 cap) / tank.
3.6. Harvest3.6.1.Ciri and HarvestAge harvested after 70-100 days after planting. Characteristics: fruit color changes, and the stem begins to diminish the fruit can be picked fruit (harvested).
3.6.2.Cara HarvestPlucking the fruit should be done when the weather is sunny, so the fruit is dry skin surface, and hold for the penyimpananan or the hands of retailers. Cutting should be done along the stems of watermelon.
