INTRODUCTIONPotato (Solanum tuberosum L) is the main source of carbohydrates, thus becoming an important commodity. PT. NATURAL NUSANTARA working to improve the national potato production in quantity, quality and equipment based on environmental sustainability (Aspect 3K).
GROWTH CONDITIONS2.1. ClimateAverage rainfall 1500 mm / year, long irradiation 9-10 hours / day, the optimal temperature 18-21 ° C, humidity 80-90% and an altitude between 1000-3000 m above sea level.
2.2. Planting MediaCrumb structure, friable, contains a lot of organic matter, well drained and have a deep topsoil pH between 5.8 to 7.0 and.
TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION3.1. Nurseries- Seed tubers derived from the production of tubers weighing 30-50 g, aged 150-180 days, no defects, and superior varieties. Choose a medium-sized tubers, have 3-5 buds and only to the fourth generation only. After bud + 2 cm, ready to be planted.- When you buy seeds (try a certified seed), weighing between 30-45 grams with 3-5 buds. Planting can be done without / with the division. Cutting tubers into 2-4 pieces performed by the existing buds. Before planting bulbs soaked first using NASA POC for 1-3 hours (2-4 cc / l of water).
3.2. Media Processing PlantLand plowed 30-40 cm deep and leave for 2 weeks before made beds with a width of 70 cm (1 line plant) / 140 cm (2 lines of plants), height 30 cm and for sewer and water as deep as 50 cm width 50 cm.Natural GLIO who have first grown in manure + 1 week, spread out evenly on the bed (dose: 1-2 GLIO packaging Natural fertilizer mixed kandang/1000 50-100 kg m2).
3.3. Planting Technique3.3.1. Basic fertilizationa. Inorganic fertilizer in the form of urea (200 kg / ha), SP 36 (200 kg / ha), and KCl (75 kg / ha).b. Pour the NASA POC fertilizer mixed in enough water evenly over the bed, a dose of 1-2 vials / 1000 m². The results would be great if using SUPER NASA by:alternative 1: 1 bottle of Super Nasa diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of the mother liquor was to flush the beds.alternative 2: every one yells vol 10 lt given 1 tablespoon pressed NASA to flush the Super 10 meter bed.Watering POC NASA / NASA SUPER performed prior to manure.c. Give manure 5-6 tonnes / ha (mixed in ground beds or given to the planting hole) one week before planting,
3.3.2. Planting MethodThe distance depends on the plant varieties, 80 cm x 40 cm or 70 x 30 cm with the needs of seedlings + 1300-1700 kg / ha (tuber weight 30-45 g). Planting time at the end of the rainy season (April to June).
3.4. Maintenance of Plant3.4.1. StitchingReplanting to replace plants that do not grow / growth of 15 days since the poor do grow.
3.4.2. WeedingWeeding is done at least twice during the 2-3 days before planting / fertilizing in conjunction with follow-up and tilling.
3.4.3. Pruning FlowersAt flowering varieties of potatoes which should be trimmed to prevent disruption of the process of tuber formation, due to the seizure of nutrients.
3.4.4. Following on fertilizationa. Macro FertilizersUrea / ZA: 21 days after planting (dap) 300 kg / ha and 45 HST 150 kg / ha.SP-36: 21 HST 250 kg / ha.KCl: 21 HST 150 kg / ha and 45 HST 75 kg / ha.Macro fertilizer given the distance of 10 cm from the stems of plants.b. NASA POC: from age 1 week s / d 10 or 11 weeks.Alternative I: 8-10 times (1-week interval at a dose of 4 caps / tank or 1 bottle (500 cc) / 200 liter drum of water.Alternative II: 5-6 times (interval 2 mingu with a dose of 6 caps / tank or 1.5 bottles (750 cc) / 200 liter drum of water.c. HORMONIK: NASA POC spraying would be optimal if mixed HORMONIK (dose 1-2 cap / tank or bottle + 2-3 / 200 liter drum of water).
3.4.5. Irrigation7 day Watering on a regular basis with the hype, Power Sprayer or a ditch to irrigate the area moist (about 15-20 minutes).
3.5. Pests and Diseases3.5.1. PestGrayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura)Symptoms: caterpillars attack the leaves until the leaves are gone. Control: (1) cut the leaves that had been plastered with eggs, (2) spraying Vitura Natural and environmental sanitation.
Aphids (Aphis Sp)Symptoms: aphids suck fluids and infect the plant, can also transmit the virus. Control: cut and burn infected leaves and spraying PESTONA or BVR.
Orong-orong (Gryllotalpa Sp)Symptoms: attack the bulbs in the garden, roots, young shoots and young plants. As a result, plants become susceptible to bacterial infections. Control: Pengocoran PESTONA.
Root weevils (Phtorimae poerculella Zael)Symptoms: leaves dark red and looks like a tangle of yarn that is a gray caterpillar wrapping material. Infected tubers when cut open, visible holes because most bulbs have been eaten. Control: Pengocoran PESTONA.
Trip pests (Thrips tabaci)Symptoms: the leaves are white patches, changed into a silver gray and dry. The attack starts from the ends of the young leaves. Control: (1) cut the affected leaves, (2) using PESTONA or BVR.
3.5.2. DiseaseLate blightCause: The fungus Phytopthora infestans. Symptoms: Small patches occur in green-gray and slightly moist until the color changed to brown to black with white edges of the sporangium and leaf rot / die. Control: Sanitation garden. Prevention with the use of Natural GLIO before or early in the planting.
Bacterial wilt diseaseCause: The bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum. Symptoms: young leaves at the top of some wilted plants and old leaves, leaf yellowing of the bottom. Control: orchard sanitation, crop rotation. Prevention with the use of Natural GLIO before or early in the planting.
Root rot diseaseCauses: coccodes Colleotrichum mushrooms. Symptoms: The leaves turn yellow and curl, then withered and dry. The plant is located in the ground there are patches of brown. Infection will cause root rot and young tubers. Control: crop rotation, sanitation, gardens and the use of good seed. Prevention with the use of Natural GLIO before or early in the planting
Fusarium diseasesCause: The fungus Fusarium sp. Symptoms: rotten tubers that causes plants to wilt. This disease also attacks potatoes in storage. Infection enters through the wounds caused by nematodes / mechanical factors. Control: avoiding the occurrence of injuries at the time of weeding and pendangiran. Prevention with the use of Natural GLIO before or early in the planting.
Dry spot disease (Early Blight)Cause: The fungus Alternaria solani. Disisa living fungi and sick plants growing in arid regions. Symptoms: Small leaves are scattered irregularly mottled, dark brown color, extends to the young leaves. Tuber skin surface irregularly mottled dark, dry, wrinkled and tough. Control: crop rotation. Prevention: Natural GLIO before / early planting
Disease due to virusViruses that attack are: (1) Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) causes leaf curl, (2) Potato virus X (PVX) causes latent mosaic on leaves, (3) Potato Virus Y (PVY) causing mosaic or local necrosis; ( 4) Potato Virus A (PVA) causes mosaic software, (5) Potato virus M (PVM) causes mosaic roll, (6) Potato Virus S (PVS) causing mosaic limp. Symptoms: in the attack, the plants grow stunted, straight and pale with kecil-kecil/tidak tuber yield at all, leaf yellowing and tissue death. The spread of viruses carried by farm equipment, aphids Aphis spiraecola, A. gossypii and Myzus persicae, and Coccinella Epilachna beetles and nematodes. Control: no pesticides to control the virus, prevention and control is done by planting virus-free seedlings, cleaning equipment, prune and burn diseased plants, or control vector with PESTONA BVR and do crop rotation.
Note: If a pest control using natural pesticides have not been able to cope with a chemical pesticide used is recommended. In order to more evenly spraying of chemical pesticides and are not easily lost by rain water add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (1/2 cap) / tank.
3.6. HarvestAge at the potato harvest ranged from 90-180 days, depending on the varieties of plants. Physically able to plant potatoes are harvested when the leaves have a yellowish color that is not caused by the disease; the stems of plants have been colored yellow (slightly dry) and tuber skin will very closely with the tuber flesh, the skin does not flake off quickly when rubbed with a finger.
